takirere ketiHe takirere whānui noa iho tēnei, he whānuitia hoki ōna whakamahinga. E whakamahia ana i roto i te tiaki wai, te whakarewa me ētahi atu ahumahi. Kua mōhiotia whānuitia tōna whānuitanga o ngā mahi e te mākete. Haunga te ako i te takirere kuaha, i mahia anō hoki he ako nui ake, he ako tino tika hoki mō te whakamahinga me te rapurongoā ongā takirere keti.
Ko te kōrero whānui e whai ake nei mō te hanganga, te whakamahinga, te rapurongoā, te tirotiro kounga me ētahi atu āhuatanga ongā takirere kuaha.
1. Hanganga
Te hanganga o tetakirere kuahatetakirere kuahahe takirere e whakamahi ana i te pereti kēti me te nohoanga takirere hei whakahaere i te whakatuwheratanga me te katinga.takirere ketiKo te nuinga o te mea he tinana takirere, he nohoanga takirere, he pereti kēti, he kakau takirere, he taupoki, he pouaka whakakī, he repe tākai, he nati kakau, he wira ringaringa me ērā atu. I runga i te huringa o te tūranga whanaunga i waenga i te kēti me te nohoanga takirere, ka taea te whakarerekē i te rahi o te awaawa, ā, ka taea te tapahi i te awaawa. Hei hanga i tetakirere kuahakatia kia piri, ka hurihia te mata e hono ana i te pereti keti me te nohoanga takirere.
E ai ki ngā momo hanganga rerekē ongā takirere kuaha, ka taea te wehewehe i ngā takirere kēti ki te momo poro me te momo whakarara.
Te kuwaha o te porowhitatakirere kuahahe āhua porotaka te āhua, ā, ko te mata hiri e hanga ana i tētahi koki whakarara ki te rārangi pokapū o te awaawa, ā, ko te porotaka i waenganui i te kuaha me te nohoanga takirere e whakamahia ana hei whakatutuki i te hiri (kati). Ka taea te whakamahi i te pereti porotaka hei hipi kotahi, hei hipi takirua rānei.
He rite tonu ngā mata hiri o te takirere kuaha whakarara ki te rārangi pokapū o te awaawa, ā, e rua ngā momo: he tikanga whakawhānui, ā, kāore he tikanga whakawhānui. He hipi takirua he tikanga horapa. Ina heke ngā hipi, ka horahia e ngā poro o ngā hipi e rua whakarara ngā hipi e rua i runga i te nohoanga takirere ki te mata piko hei aukati i te awaawa rere. Ina ara ake ngā hipi, ka tuwhera, ka wehea ngā poro me ngā kuaha. Ka wehea te mata ōrite o te pereti, ka ara ake te pereti kuaha ki tētahi teitei, ā, ka tautokona te poro e te tumuaki i runga i te pereti kuaha. Mō te kuaha takirua kāore he tikanga whakawhānui, ina neke te kuaha ki roto i te nohoanga takirere i runga i ngā mata nohoanga whakarara e rua, ka whakamahia te pēhanga o te wai hei pēhi i te kuaha ki te tinana takirere i te taha putanga o te takirere hei hiri i te wai.
E ai ki te nekehanga o te kakau takirere ina whakatuwheratia, ina katihia hoki te kuaha, ka wehea te takirere kuaha kia rua ngā momo: te takirere kuaha kakau piki me te takirere kuaha kakau huna. Ka piki, ka heke te kakau takirere me te pereti kuaha o te takirere kuaha kakau piki i te wā kotahi ina whakatuwheratia, ina kati rānei; ina whakatuwheratia, ina kati rānei te takirere kuaha kakau huna, ka huri noa te kakau takirere, ā, kāore e kitea te hiki o te kakau takirere, ā, ka piki, ka heke rānei te pereti takirere. Ko te painga o te takirere kuaha kakau piki ko te teitei whakatuwheratanga o te awaawa ka taea te aromatawai mā te teitei piki o te kakau takirere, engari ka taea te whakapoto i te teitei e nohoia ana. Ina anga atu ki te wira ringaringa, ki te kakau rānei, hurihia te wira ringaringa, te kakau rānei kia kati ai te takirere.
2. Ngā wā me ngā mātāpono whiriwhiri o ngā takirere kuaha
01. Papatahitakirere kuaha
Ngā wā tono o te takirere kuaha pereti:
(1) Mō ngā paipa hinu me te hau māori, he māmā noa iho te horoi i te paipa mā te takirere kuaha papatahi me ngā kōhao whakahurihuri.
(2) Ngā paipa me ngā taputapu rokiroki mō te hinu kua parakoretia.
(3) Ngā taputapu tauranga whakamahi mō te hinu me te hau māori.
(4) Ngā paipa me ngā matūriki iri.
(5) Paipa tuku hau o te tāone.
(6) Ngā mahi wai.
Te kaupapa o te whiriwhiri i te peretitakirere kuaha:
(1) Mō ngā paipa hinu me te hau māori, whakamahia he papa kotahi, he papa takirua rāneingā takirere kuahaMena e tika ana kia horoia te paipa, whakamahia he kēti kotahi me te kōhao whakawhiti me te kakau tuwhera me te takirere kēti papatahi.
(2) Mō ngā paipa kawe me ngā taputapu rokiroki o te hinu parakore, ka tīpakohia te takirere kuaha papatahi me te hipi kotahi, te hipi takirua rānei kāore he kōhao hurihanga.
(3) Mō ngā whakaurunga tauranga tango hinu me te hau māori, ka tīpakohia ngā takirere kēti kotahi te kuaha, takirua rānei te kuaha me ngā nohoanga mānu rakau huna me ngā kōhao whakahurihuri.
(4) Mō ngā paipa me ngā matūriki iri, ka tīpakohia ngā takirere kuaha pereti āhua-maripi.
(5) Mō ngā paipa tuku hau o te tāone, whakamahia ngā takirere keti papatahi kua hiritia ngāwari ki te kuaha kotahi, ki te kuaha takirua rānei.
(6) Mō ngā kaupapa wai puna, ka whiriwhiria ngā takirere kuaha kotahi, kuaha takirua rānei me ngā tokotoko tuwhera, kāore he kōhao huri.
02. Rerewē kuaha poro
Ngā āhuatanga e tika ana mō te takirere kuaha poro: I roto i ngā momo takirere, ko te takirere kuaha te mea e whakamahia whānuitia ana. He pai anake mō te whakatuwheratanga katoa, te kati katoa rānei, ā, kāore e taea te whakamahi mō te whakahaere me te whakawhāiti.
Ko ngā takirere kuaha poro te tikanga e whakamahia ana i ngā wāhi kāore he whakaritenga tino pakari mō ngā rahi o waho o te takirere, ā, he tino uaua ngā āhuatanga whakahaere. Hei tauira, ko te pāmahana teitei me te pēhanga teitei te reo mahi e hiahia ana kia roa te hiri o ngā wāhanga kati, me ētahi atu.
Ko te tikanga, ko ngā āhuatanga ratonga e hiahiatia ana, e hiahiatia ana rānei he mahi hiri pono, he pēhanga teitei, he tapahi pēhanga teitei (he rerekētanga pēhanga nui), he tapahi pēhanga iti (he rerekētanga pēhanga iti), he haruru iti, he cavitation me te vaporization, he pāmahana teitei waenga, he pāmahana iti (cryogenic), ā, e taunakihia ana kia whakamahia te wedge gate valve. Pērā i te ahumahi hiko, te whakarewa hinu, te ahumahi petrochemical, te hinu moana, te hangarau tuku wai me te hangarau maimoatanga paru i roto i te hanganga tāone, te ahumahi matū me ētahi atu mara e whakamahia whānuitia ana.
Te mātāpono kōwhiringa:
(1) Ngā whakaritenga mō ngā āhuatanga o te wai takirere. Ka tīpakohia ngā takirere kuaha mō ngā āhuatanga mahi me te ātete iti ki te rere, te kaha rere kaha, ngā āhuatanga rere pai, me ngā whakaritenga hiri tino pakari.
(2) He reo pāmahana teitei me te pēhanga teitei. Pērā i te mamaoa pēhanga teitei, te hinu pāmahana teitei me te pēhanga teitei.
(3) He reo pāmahana iti (cryogenic). Pērā i te haukini wai, te hauwai wai, te hāora wai me ētahi atu reo.
(4) He iti te pēhanga, he nui te whānui. Pērā i ngā mahi wai, ngā mahi maimoatanga paru.
(5) Tauwāhi tāutanga: Mēnā he iti te teitei o te tāutanga, whiriwhiria te takirere kuaha kakau huna; mēnā kāore i te iti te teitei, whiriwhiria te takirere kuaha kakau kitea.
(6) Ka taea anake te whakamahi i ngā takirere kuaha poro ina taea anake te whakamahi mō te whakatuwheratanga katoa, te kati katoa rānei, ā, kāore e taea te whakamahi mō te whakatikatika me te whakawhāiti.
3. Ngā hapa noa me te tiaki
01. Ngā hapa noa me ngā take ongā takirere kuaha
I muri i tetakirere kuahae whakamahia ana, nā runga i ngā pānga o te pāmahana reo, te pēhanga, te waikura me te nekehanga whanaunga o ngā wāhanga pa, ka puta pinepine ngā raruraru e whai ake nei.
(1) Te turuturu: E rua ngā momo, arā, te turuturu o waho me te turuturu o roto. Ko te turuturu ki waho o te takirere ka kiia ko te turuturu o waho, ā, ka kitea te turuturu o waho i roto i ngā pouaka whakakī me ngā hononga flange.
Ngā take e turuturu ana te pouaka whakakī: kāore te momo, te kounga rānei o te whakakī e tutuki i ngā whakaritenga; kua tawhito te whakakī, kua tawhito rānei te kakau takirere; kua wetekina te repe tākai; kua rakuraku te mata o te kakau takirere.
Ngā take mō te turuturu i te hononga flange: Kāore te rauemi, te rahi rānei o te gasket e tutuki i ngā whakaritenga; he ngoikore te kounga tukatuka o te mata hiri flange; kāore i te tika te whakakī o ngā pūtu hononga; kāore i te tika te whirihoranga o te paipa, ā, ka puta he kawenga tāpiri nui rawa atu i te hononga.
Ngā take mō te turuturu o roto o te takirere: Ko te turuturu i puta mai i te katinga ngoikore o te takirere he turuturu o roto, e puta mai ana i te kino o te mata hiri o te takirere, i te pūtake ngoikore rānei o te mowhiti hiri.
(1) Ko te waikura he waikura o te tinana takirere, te taupoki, te kakau takirere, me te mata hiri o te flange. Ko te nuinga o te waikura nā te mahi a te reo, me te tukunga o ngā katote mai i ngā whakakī me ngā gaskets.
(2) Ngā karawarawa: te pakarukaru ā-rohe, te tihore rānei o te mata e puta ana ina neke te kuaha me te nohoanga takirere tetahi ki tetahi i raro i tētahi pēhanga whakapā.
02. Te Tiaki i tetakirere kuaha
(1) Te whakatika i te turuturu o waho o te takirere
I te wā e pēhi ana i te takai, me taurite ngā pūtu repe kia kore ai te repe e piko, kia waiho hoki he āputa hei whakakīkī. I te wā e pēhi ana i te takai, me huri te kakau takirere kia ōrite te takai huri noa i te kakau takirere, kia kore ai hoki e tino kikī te pēhanga, kia kore ai e pā ki te hurihanga o te kakau takirere, kia nui ake ai te kakahu o te takai, kia poto ai hoki te roa o te mahi. Kua rakurakuhia te mata o te kakau takirere, kia ngāwari ai te turuturu o te rauemi. Me tukatuka kia kore ai e rakurakuhia te mata o te kakau takirere i mua i te whakamahinga.
Mō te turuturu i te hononga flange, mēnā kua pakaru te gasket, me whakakapi; mēnā kāore i te tika te whiriwhiri i te rauemi o te gasket, me whiriwhiri he rauemi e tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga whakamahinga; mēnā he ngoikore te kounga tukatuka o te mata hiri flange, me tango atu, me whakatika. Ka tukatukahia anō te mata hiri flange kia tika rā anō.
Hei tāpiritanga, ko te whakakī tika i ngā pūtu o te flange, te whirihoranga tika o ngā paipa, me te karo i te kawenga tāpiri nui rawa atu i ngā hononga flange, ka āwhina katoa ki te aukati i te turuturu i ngā hononga flange.
(2) Te whakatika i te turuturu o roto o te takirere
Ko te whakatikatika i te turuturu o roto he whakakore i te pakaru o te mata hiri me te pakiaka wetewete o te mowhiti hiri (ina piri te mowhiti hiri ki te pereti takirere, ki te nohoanga rānei mā te pēhi, te miro rānei). Mena ka tukatukahia tika te mata hiri ki te tinana takirere me te pereti takirere, kāore he raruraru o te pakiaka wetewete me te turuturu.
Ina tino pakaru te mata hiri, ā, ka hangaia te mata hiri e te mowhiti hiri, me tango te mowhiti tawhito, ka tāpirihia he mowhiti hiri hou; ki te tukatuka tika te mata hiri ki te tinana takirere, me tango tuatahi te mata hiri kua pakaru. Tangohia, kātahi ka huri i te mowhiti hiri hou, i te mata tukatuka rānei, kia puta he mata hiri hou. Ina iti iho i te 0.05mm ngā karawarawa, ngā pupuhi, ngā kuru, ngā pakaru me ētahi atu hapa o te mata hiri, ka taea te whakakore mā te huri.
Ka puta te turuturu i te pūtake o te mowhiti hiri. Ina whakapūmautia te mowhiti hiri mā te pēhi, whakatakotoria he rīpene tetrafluoroethylene, he peita matotoru mā rānei ki runga.takirerenohoanga, te raro rānei o te riu mowhiti o te mowhiti hiri, kātahi ka pēhi i te mowhiti hiri hei whakakī i te pakiaka o te mowhiti hiri; Ina mirohia te mowhiti hiri, me whakanoho he rīpene PTFE, he peita matotoru mā rānei ki waenganui i ngā miro hei ārai i te turuturu o te wai i waenganui i ngā miro.
(3) Te whakatika i te waikura o te takirere
I raro i ngā āhuatanga noa, ka waikura ōrite te tinana o te takirere me te taupoki, engari he maha ngā wā ka poka te kakau takirere. I te wā e whakatika ana, me tango tuatahi ngā hua waikura. Mō te kakau takirere he poka poka, me tukatuka i runga i te mīhini hurihuri hei whakakore i te kōhao, ā, me whakamahi he whakakī kei roto he kaihoko tuku puhoi, ka horoi rānei i te whakakī ki te wai mātao hei tango i te whakakī e kino ana ki te kakau takirere.
(4) Te whakatika i ngā karawarawa i runga i te mata hiri
I te wā e whakamahia ana te takirere, ngana kia kaua e rakuraku te mata hiri, ā, kaua hoki e nui rawa te taipana i te wā e kati ana te takirere. Mena kua rakuraku te mata hiri, ka taea te tango mā te huri.
4. Te kimi itakirere kuaha
I roto i te taiao mākete o nāianei me ngā hiahia o ngā kaiwhakamahi, ko te rinongā takirere kuahahe nui te ōwehenga. Hei kaitirotiro kounga hua, me te mōhio ki te tirotiro kounga hua, me mārama hoki koe ki te hua tonu.
01. Te pūtake o te kimi i te rinotakirere kuaha
Rinongā takirere kuahakua whakamatautauria i runga i te paerewa ā-motu GB/T12232-2005 "Rino whakakikoruatia"ngā takirere kuahamō ngā takirere whānui”.
02. Ngā mea tirotiro rinotakirere kuaha
Kei roto i ēnei ko: ngā tohu, te matotoru iti rawa o te pakitara, te whakamātautau pēhanga, te whakamātautau anga, me ētahi atu. I roto i ēnei, ko te matotoru o te pakitara, te pēhanga, me te whakamātautau anga he mea tirotiro me ngā mea matua. Mena he taonga kāore i te whai mana, ka taea te whakatau tika he hua kāore i te whai mana.
I roto i te poto, ko te tirotiro kounga hua te wāhanga tino nui o te tirotiro hua katoa, ā, he mea mārama tonu tōna hiranga. Hei kaimahi tirotiro raina mua, me whakapakari tonu tātou i tō tātou ake kounga, ehara i te mea kia pai ai te mahi tirotiro hua anake, engari kia pai ai hoki te mahi tirotiro mā te mārama ki ngā hua kua tirotirohia.
Wā tuku: Maehe-31-2023
