Te wāhanga tuatahi o te umanga takirere (1949-1959)
01Whakaritea hei tautoko i te whakaoranga o te ōhanga o te motu
Ko te wā mai i te tau 1949 ki te tau 1952 te wā i ora ake ai te ōhanga o tōku whenua. Nā te hiahia ki te hanganga ōhanga, e hiahia nui ana te whenua ki te tini o ngā tāngata.ngā takirere, ehara i te mea anakengā takirere pēhanga iti, engari he puranga hoki o ngā takirere pēhanga teitei me te pēhanga waenga kāore i hangaia i taua wā. He mahi taumaha, he mahi uaua hoki te whakarite i te hanga takirere hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia nui o te whenua.
1. Arataki me te tautoko i te whakaputanga
E ai ki te kaupapa here o te "whakawhanake i te whakaputanga, te whakahōu i te ōhanga, te whai whakaaro ki te iwi whānui me te tūmataiti, me te whai hua ki te mahi me te whakapaipai", ka whakamahia e te kāwanatanga o te iwi te tikanga tukatuka me te tono, ā, ka tautoko kaha i ngā umanga iti me ngā umanga waenga tūmataiti ki te whakatuwhera me te hanga i ngā takirere. I mua tata i te whakatūnga o te Repupiripia o te Iwi o Haina, ka kati te wheketere rino o Shenyang Chengfa i tana pakihi nā te nui o ana nama me te kore mākete mō āna hua, e whitu anake ngā kaimahi hei tiaki i te wheketere, ā, ka hokona e ia ngā taputapu mīhini 14 hei pupuri i ngā whakapaunga. Whai muri i te whakatūnga o Haina Hou, me te tautoko a te kāwanatanga o te iwi, ka tīmata anō te wheketere ki te whakaputa, ā, ka piki ake te maha o ngā kaimahi i taua tau mai i te 7 ki te 96 i te tīmatanga. Nō muri mai, ka whakaaetia e te wheketere te tukatuka rauemi mai i te Kamupene Mīhini Taputapu o Shenyang, ā, ka huri te āhua o te whakaputanga. Ka piki ake te maha o ngā kaimahi ki te 329, me te putanga ā-tau o te 610 huinga o ngā takirere rerekē, me te uara putanga o te 830,000 yuan. I taua wā anō i Shanghai, ehara i te mea ko ngā umanga tūmataiti anake i hanga i ngā takirere i whakatuwheratia anō, engari i te whakaoranga o te ōhanga o te motu, he maha ngā umanga tūmataiti iti i whakatuwheratia, i huri rānei ki te hanga takirere, ā, nā tēnei i tere ai te horapa o te whakahaere o te Rōpū Taputapu Hanga i taua wā.
2. Hokonga me te hoko kotahi, whakarite i te hanga takirere
Nā te nui o ngā umanga tūmataiti kua huri ki te hanga takirere, kāore i taea e te Shanghai Construction Hardware Association taketake te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga o te whanaketanga. I te tau 1951, i whakatūria e ngā kaihanga takirere o Shanghai ētahi umanga tahi e ono hei whakahaere i ngā mahi tukatuka me te tono a te Shanghai Purchasing Supply Station o China Hardware Machinery Company, me te whakatinana i te hoko me te hoko kotahi. Hei tauira, ko Daxin Iron Works, e mahi ana i te mahi o ngā takirere pēhanga iti rahi ingoa, me Yuanda, Zhongxin, Jinlong me Lianggong Machinery Factory, e mahi ana i te hanga o ngā takirere pēhanga teitei me te waenga, e tautokona ana e te Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Public Utilities, te Manatū Ahumahi o te Rawhiti o Haina me te Central Fuel. I raro i te arataki a te Whakahaere Hinu o te Manatū Ahumahi, ka whakatinanahia ngā tono tika, kātahi ka huri ki te tukatuka tono. Kua āwhina te Kāwanatanga o te Iwi i ngā umanga tūmataiti ki te wikitoria i ngā uauatanga o te whakaputa me te hoko mā te kaupapa here hoko me te hoko kotahi, i te tuatahi i whakarerekē i te pōrearea ōhanga o ngā umanga tūmataiti, ā, i whakapai ake i te hihiri whakaputa o ngā rangatira pakihi me ngā kaimahi, he tino hoki rātou ki muri i te hangarau, taputapu me ngā āhuatanga wheketere. I raro i ngā āhuatanga, kua whakaratohia e rātou he maha o ngā hua takirere mō ngā umanga matua pērā i ngā tipu hiko, ngā tipu maitai me ngā mara hinu kia tīmata anō te whakaputa.
3. Te whanaketanga mō te whakaora i ngā ratonga hangahanga ōhanga ā-motu
I roto i te mahere tau rima tuatahi, kua tautuhia e te kāwanatanga ngā kaupapa hanga matua e 156, ko te whakaora i te Papa Hinu o Yumen me te mahi a te Kamupene Rino me te Rino o Anshan he kaupapa nui e rua. Hei tīmata anō i te mahi hanga i te Papa Hinu o Yumen i te wā e taea ai, i whakaritea e te Tari Whakahaere Hinu o te Manatū Ahumahi Wahie te hanga i ngā wāhanga mīhini hinu i Shanghai. Kua whakahaerehia e te Wheketere Taputapu Jinlong o Shanghai me ētahi atu te mahi whakamātautau i te hanga i tētahi puranga o ngā takirere rino pēhanga-waenga. Ka taea te whakaaro i te uaua o te whakamātautau i ngā takirere pēhanga-waenga e ngā wheketere iti āhua awheawhe. Ko ētahi momo ka taea anake te whakatauira i runga i ngā tauira i whakaratohia e ngā kaiwhakamahi, ā, ka rurihia, ka maherehia ngā mea tūturu. Nā te mea kāore i te pai te kounga o ngā whakarewa rino, me huri te tinana takirere rino whakarewa taketake ki ngā mea hanga. I taua wā, kāore he mate keri mō te tukatuka poka whakarara o te tinana takirere porowhita, nō reira ka taea anake te keri ā-ringa, kātahi ka whakatikahia e te kaiwhakauru. I muri i te wikitoria i ngā uauatanga maha, i angitu mātou i te whakamātautau whakaputanga o ngā takirere kuaha maitai pēhanga-waenga NPS3/8 ~ NPS2 me ngā takirere porowhita, ā, i pai te aro o ngā kaiwhakamahi. I te haurua tuarua o te tau 1952, i whakahaerehia e Shanghai Yuanta, Zhongxin, Weiye, Lianggong me ētahi atu wheketere te mahi whakamātautau whakaputanga me te whakaputanga papatipu o ngā takirere maitai whakarewa mō te hinu. I taua wā, i whakamahia ngā hoahoa me ngā paerewa Soviet, ā, i ako ngā tohunga hangarau mā te mahi, ā, i wikitoria i ngā uauatanga maha i roto i te whakaputanga. I whakaritea te whakamātautau whakaputanga o ngā takirere maitai whakarewa o Shanghai e te Manatū Hinu, ā, i whiwhi hoki i te mahi tahi a ngā wheketere maha i Shanghai. I whakaratohia e Asia Factory (ināianei ko te Shanghai Machine Repair Factory) ngā whakarewanga maitai i tutuki i ngā whakaritenga, ā, i āwhina a Sifang Boiler Factory ki te pupuhi. I angitu te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau whakaputanga o te tauira takirere maitai whakarewa, ā, i whakaritea tonutia te whakaputanga papatipu me te tuku atu ki Yumen Oilfield kia whakamahia i te wā tika. I taua wā anō, i whakaratohia hoki e Shenyang Chengfa Iron Works me Shanghai Daxin Iron Works.ngā takirere pēhanga itiI te mea he nui ake ngā rahi ingoa mō ngā tipu hiko, ka tīmata anō te Kamupene Rino me te Maitai o Anshan ki te mahi whakaputa me te hanga tāone.
I te wā o te whakaoranga o te ōhanga o te motu, kua tere te whanaketanga o te umanga takirere o tōku whenua. I te tau 1949, ko te putanga takirere he 387t anake, ā, i te tau 1952 ka piki ki te 1015t. I roto i te hangarau, kua taea e ia te hanga takirere maitai whakarewa me ngā takirere nui pēhanga-iti, e kore e whakarato noa i ngā takirere ōrite mō te whakaoranga o te ōhanga o te motu, engari he turanga pai hoki mō te whanaketanga o te umanga takirere o Haina ā muri ake nei.
02I tīmata te umanga takirere
I te tau 1953, i tīmata tōku whenua i tana mahere tuatahi e rima tau te roa, ā, nā ngā rāngai ahumahi pēnei i te hinu, te ahumahi matū, te whakarewa, te hiko me te waro i tere ake te whanaketanga. I tēnei wā, kua nui haere te hiahia mō ngā takirere. I taua wā, ahakoa he maha ngā wheketere iti tūmataiti e hanga ana i ngā takirere, he ngoikore te kaha hangarau, kua tawhito ā rātou taputapu, he māmā ā rātou wheketere, he iti rawa ā rātou pauna, ā, he marara rawa. Hei whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga o te whanaketanga tere o te ōhanga ā-motu, kei te haere tonu te Manatū Tuatahi o te Ahumahi Mīhini (e kiia nei ko te Manatū Tuatahi o te Mīhini) ki te whakarite anō me te whakarerekē i ngā umanga tūmataiti taketake me te whakawhānui i te hanga takirere. I taua wā anō, kei reira ngā mahere me ngā mahi hei hanga i ngā takirere tuara me ngā takirere matua. Ko te umanga, te umanga takirere o tōku whenua i tīmata ki te tīmata.
1. Te whakaritenga anō o te umanga takirere tuarua i Shanghai
Whai muri i te whakatūnga o Haina Hou, i whakatinanahia e te Rōpū te kaupapa here o te "whakamahinga, te here me te whakarerekētanga" mō te ahumahi me te tauhokohoko pūtea.
I kitea e 60, e 70 rānei ngā wheketere takirere iti i Shanghai. Ko ngā wheketere nui rawa o ēnei he 20 ki te 30 noa iho ngā tāngata, ā, ko ngā wheketere iti rawa he torutoru noa iho ngā tāngata. Ahakoa e hanga ana ēnei wheketere takirere i ngā takirere, he tino tawhito rawa ā rātou hangarau me te whakahaere, he māmā noa iho ngā taputapu me ngā whare wheketere, ā, he māmā noa iho ngā tikanga whakaputa. Ko ētahi he kotahi, he rua rānei ngā mīhini huri noa, he taputapu mīhini whitiki rānei, ā, he iti noa iho ngā oumu whakarewa mō te whakarewa, ko te nuinga he mahi ā-ringa, kāore he āheinga hoahoa me ngā taputapu whakamātautau. Kāore tēnei āhuatanga e pai mō te whakaputa hou, kāore hoki e taea te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga whakaputa kua whakaritea e te kāwanatanga, ā, kāore e taea te whakahaere i te kounga o ngā hua takirere. Hei whakatutuki i tēnei, kua whakatū te Kāwanatanga o te Iwi o te Kaunihera o Shanghai i tētahi hononga tahi me ngā kaihanga takirere i Shanghai, ā, kua whakatūria e rātou ngā Whakawhiti Paipa Shanghai Nama 1, Nama 2, Nama 3, Nama 4, Nama 5, Nama 6 me ētahi atu umanga pokapū. Mā te whakakotahi i ngā mea o runga ake nei, te whakahaere pokapū i runga i te hangarau me te kounga, e whakakotahi pai ana i te whakahaere marara me te pōrearea, ā, ka nui ake te whakaoho i te hihiri o te nuinga o ngā kaimahi ki te hanga i te hapori, koinei te whakaritenga nui tuatahi o te umanga takirere.
Whai muri i te hononga ā-iwi-tūmataiti i te tau 1956, i pāngia te umanga takirere i Shanghai e te tuarua o ngā whakatikatika me te hanganga ahumahi i runga i te tauine nui, ā, i whakatūria ngā kamupene ngaio pēnei i te Kamupene Taputapu Hanga Shanghai, te Kamupene Hanga Mīhini Hinu me te Kamupene Mīhini Whānui. Nā te kamupene takirere i hono tuatahi ki te umanga taputapu hanga i whakatū a Yuanda, Rongfa, Zhongxin, Weiye, Jinlong, Zhao Yongda, Tongxin, Fuchang, Wang Yingqi, Yunchang, Dehe, Jinfa, me Xie i ia rohe. E 20 pea ngā wheketere matua i Dalian, Yuchang, Deda, me ētahi atu. He maha ngā wheketere amiorangi kei ia wheketere matua i raro i tōna mana whakahaere. I whakatūria he peka rōpū me tētahi uniana mahi tahi taketake i roto i te wheketere matua. I tohua e te kāwanatanga ngā māngai tūmatanui hei whakahaere i ngā mahi whakahaere, ā, i whakatūria ngā whakahaere pakihi whakaputa, tuku, me te pūtea, ā, i whakatinana haere i ngā tikanga whakahaere e rite ana ki ngā hinonga kāwanatanga. I taua wā anō, i whakakotahihia hoki e te rohe o Shenyang ngā wheketere iti e 21 ki Chengfa.Takirere KetiWheketere. Mai i taua wā, kua whakaurua e te kāwanatanga te hanga o ngā umanga iti me te rahi ki roto i te ara whakamahere ā-motu mā roto i ngā tari whakahaere i ngā taumata katoa, ā, kua whakamaheretia, kua whakaritea hoki te hanga takirere. He huringa tēnei i roto i te whakahaere hanga o ngā umanga takirere mai i te whakatūnga o Haina Hou.
2. Kua huri te wheketere mīhini whānui o Shenyang ki te hanga takirere
I te wā anō i te whakaritenga anō o ngā kaihanga takirere i Shanghai, i wehea e te Tari Mīhini Tuatahi te hanga o ngā hua o ia wheketere hono tika, ā, i whakamāramahia te ahunga whakaputa ngaio o ngā wheketere hono tika me ngā wheketere kāwanatanga nui ake o te rohe. I hurihia te Wheketere Mīhini Whānui o Shenyang hei umanga kaihanga takirere ngaio. Ko te mua o te wheketere ko te tari umanga whakapaipai tari me te wheketere ahumahi rūpahu a Hapanihi Dechang. Whai muri i te whakatūnga o Haina Hou, ko te nuinga o te wheketere he hanga i ngā taputapu mīhini me ngā hononga paipa. I te tau 1953, ka tīmata te hanga mīhini mahi rakau. I te tau 1954, i raro tonu i te whakahaere a te Tari Tuatahi o te Manatū Mīhini, 1,585 āna kaimahi me te 147 huinga mīhini me ngā taputapu rerekē. Ā, he kaha te hanga o te maitai whakarewa, ā, he kaha te kaha hangarau. Mai i te tau 1955, kia urutau ai ki te whanaketanga o te mahere ā-motu, kua huri mārama ki te hanga takirere, kua hanga anō i ngā awheawhe mahi whakarewa, huihuinga, taputapu, whakatika mīhini me te whakarewa maitai taketake, kua hanga he awheawhe whakakī me te whakarewa hou, ā, kua whakatūria he taiwhanga pokapū me te teihana manatoko ine. I whakawhitia ētahi tohunga hangarau mai i te Wheketere Papu o Shenyang. I te tau 1956, 837t ongā takirere pēhanga itii hangaia, ā, ka tīmata te hanga papatipu o ngā takirere pēhanga teitei me te pēhanga waenga. I te tau 1959, i hangaia he 4213t o ngā takirere, tae atu ki te 1291t o ngā takirere pēhanga teitei me te pēhanga waenga. I te tau 1962, i whakaingoatia anō ko Shenyang High and Medium Pressure Valve Factory, ā, ko tētahi o ngā umanga matua nui rawa atu i roto i te umanga takirere.
3. Te tihi tuatahi o te hanga takirere
I ngā rā tōmua o te whakatūnga o Haina Hou, ko te nuinga o te wā i whakatauhia ai te hanga takirere o tōku whenua mā te mahi tahi me ngā pakanga. I te wā "Te Peke Nui ki Mua", i tae te umanga takirere o tōku whenua ki tōna taumata whakaputa tuatahi. Te putanga takirere: 387t i te tau 1949, 8126t i te tau 1956, 49746t i te tau 1959, 128.5 ngā wā i te tau 1949, me te 6.1 ngā wā i te tau 1956 i te wā i whakatūria ai te hononga tūmatanui-tūmataiti. I tīmata te hanga o ngā takirere pēhanga teitei me te pēhanga waenga i muri mai, ā, i tīmata te hanga papatipu i te tau 1956, me te putanga ā-tau o te 175t. I te tau 1959, i eke te putanga ki te 1799t, arā, 10.3 ngā wā i te tau 1956. Nā te tere o te whanaketanga o te hanganga ōhanga ā-motu i whakatairanga i ngā ahunga whakamua nui o te umanga takirere. I te tau 1955, i angitu te whakamātautau a te Wheketere Takirere Lianggong o Shanghai i te takirere rākau Kirihimete mō te Yumen Oilfield; I whakamātautauhia e Shanghai Yuanda, Zhongxin, Weiye, Rongfa me ētahi atu wheketere mīhini ngā takirere pēhanga teitei me te rino whakarewa, te rino hangai, me ngā takirere pēhanga teitei, me te pēhanga ingoa mō ngā mara hinu me ngā whare tongi. Ngā takirere tongi pēhanga teitei o te PN160 me te PN320; I angitu te whakamātautau a te Shenyang General Machinery Factory me te Suzhou Iron Factory (te wheketere o mua o Suzhou Valve Factory) i ngā takirere pēhanga teitei mō te wheketere tongi a Jilin Chemical Industry Corporation; I angitu te whakamātautau a te Shenyang Chengfa Iron Factory i tētahi takirere kuaha hiko me te rahi ingoa o te DN3000. Koia te takirere nui rawa atu me te taumaha rawa atu i Haina i taua wā; I angitu te whakamātautau a te Shenyang General Machinery Factory i ngā takirere pēhanga teitei me ngā rahi ingoa o te DN3 ~ DN10 me ngā pēhanga ingoa o te PN1500 ~ PN2000 mō te taputapu whakamātautau takawaenga polyethylene pēhanga teitei; I hangaia e te Shanghai Daxin Iron Factory mō te umanga whakarewa te takirere hau wera pāmahana teitei me te rahi ingoa o te DN600 me te takirere paipa o te DN900; Kua tere hoki te whanaketanga o te wheketere takirere o Dalian, te wheketere takirere o Wafangdian, me ētahi atu. Nā te pikinga ake o te momo me te rahinga o ngā takirere kua whakatairanga i te whanaketanga o te umanga takirere. Ina koa me ngā hiahia hanga o te umanga "Great Leap Forward", kua puta ake ngā wheketere takirere iti me te rahinga puta noa i te motu. I te tau 1958, kua tata ki te kotahi rau ngā umanga hanga takirere ā-motu, ā, kua hangaia he tīma hanga takirere nui. I te tau 1958, kua piki te katoa o ngā takirere ki te 24,163t, he pikinga 80% mai i te tau 1957; I tēnei wā, i tae te hanga takirere o tōku whenua ki tōna taumata tuatahi. Heoi, nā te whakarewatanga o ngā kaihanga takirere, i puta mai hoki he raupapa raruraru. Hei tauira: ko te whai i te rahinga anake, ehara i te kounga; "te mahi iti me te mahi nui, ā-rohe", te kore o ngā tikanga hangarau; te hoahoa i te wā e mahi ana, te kore o ngā ariā paerewa; te tārua me te tārua, ka puta he whakapoauau hangarau. Nā ā rātou kaupapa here motuhake, he huinga momo kāhua rerekē tō ia. Kāore i te ōrite te kupu mō ngā takirere i ngā wāhi rerekē, ā, kāore i te ōrite te raupapa pēhanga ingoa me te rahi ingoa. Ko ētahi wheketere e pā ana ki ngā paerewa o te Soviet Union, ko ētahi e pā ana ki ngā paerewa Hapanihi, ko ētahi e pā ana ki ngā paerewa o Amerika me Peretānia. He tino pōhēhē. Mō ngā momo, ngā whakatakotoranga, ngā rahi hononga, te roa hanganga, ngā āhuatanga whakamātautau, ngā paerewa whakamātautau, ngā tohu peita, te ā-tinana me te matū, me te ine, me ētahi atu. He maha ngā kamupene e whakamahi ana i te tikanga ōrite kotahi o te "taurite i te maha o ngā nohoanga", kāore te kounga i te whakamanahia, kāore te putanga i te piki ake, ā, kāore ngā painga ōhanga i te whakapai ake. Ko te āhuatanga i taua wā he "marara, he pōrearea, he torutoru, he iti", arā, ko ngā wheketere takirere e marara ana ki ngā wāhi katoa, he pūnaha whakahaere pōrearea, te kore o ngā paerewa hangarau me ngā whakatakotoranga kotahi, me te kounga hua iti. Hei huri i tēnei āhuatanga, i whakatau te kāwanatanga ki te whakarite i ngā kaimahi e tika ana ki te whakahaere i tētahi rangahau whakaputa ā-motu mōte takirereahumahi.
4. Te rangahau hanga takirere tuatahi ā-motu
Hei kimi i te āhua o te hanga takirere, i te tau 1958, i whakarite te Tari Tuatahi me te Tari Tuatoru o te Tari Mīhini Tuatahi i tētahi rangahau ā-motu mō te hanga takirere. I haere te tīma rangahau ki ngā rohe e 4 me ngā tāone e 24 i te Tai Rāwhiti o Haina, te Tai Raki o Haina, te Tai Rāwhiti o Haina me te Tonga Waenganui o Haina ki te whakahaere i tētahi rangahau whānui mō ngā wheketere takirere e 90. Koinei te rangahau takirere tuatahi ā-motu mai i te whakatūnga o te Repupiripia o te Iwi o Haina. I taua wā, i arotahi te rangahau ki ngā kaihanga takirere he nui ake te tauine me ngā momo me ngā whakaritenga, pērā i te Wheketere Mīhini Whānui o Shenyang, te Wheketere Rino o Shenyang Chengfa, te Wheketere Rino o Suzhou, me te Wheketere Takirere o Dalian, te Wheketere Rauemi Taputapu o Beijing (mua o te Wheketere Takirere o Beijing), te Wheketere Takirere o Wafangdian, te Wheketere Takirere o Chongqing, ētahi kaihanga takirere i Shanghai me ngā wheketere Whakawhiti Paipa 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 me te 6 o Shanghai, me ētahi atu.
I roto i te rangahau, i kitea ngā raruraru matua o te hanga takirere:
1) Te korenga o te whakamahere whānui me te korenga o te wehewehe mahi e tika ana, ka hua ake he mahi whakaputa auau, ā, ka pā ki te kaha whakaputa.
2) Kāore i te kotahi ngā paerewa hua takirere, ā, kua nui te raruraru ki te whiriwhiri me te tiaki a te kaiwhakamahi.
3) He ngoikore rawa te pūtake o te mahi ine me te tirotiro, ā, he uaua ki te whakarite i te kounga o ngā hua takirere me te whakaputa papatipu.
Hei whakautu i ngā raruraru o runga ake nei, e toru ngā mahi a te tīma tirotiro i tukuna ki ngā minitatanga me ngā tari, tae atu ki te whakapakari i te whakamahere whānui, te wehewehenga mahi whaitake, me te whakarite i te taurite whakaputa me te hoko; te whakapakari i te paerewa me te mahi tirotiro ā-tinana me te matū, te whakatakoto i ngā paerewa takirere kotahi; me te whakahaere rangahau whakamātautau. 1. He mea nui tēnei ki ngā kaiārahi o te Tari Tuatoru. Tuatahi, i arotahi rātou ki te mahi paerewa. I tukua e rātou ki te Whare Rangahau Hangarau Hanga Mīhini o te Manatū Mīhini Tuatahi ki te whakarite i ngā kaihanga takirere e tika ana ki te whakatakoto i ngā paerewa taputapu paipa i tukuna e te minitatanga, i whakatinanahia ki te umanga i te tau 1961. Hei ārahi i te hoahoa takirere o ia wheketere, kua kohikohia e te whare wānanga te "Pukapuka Hoahoa Takirere" me te tā. Ko te paerewa taputapu paipa i tukuna e te minitatanga ko te tuatahi o ngā paerewa takirere i tōku whenua, ā, ko te "Pukapuka Hoahoa Takirere" ko ngā raraunga hangarau hoahoa takirere tuatahi i kohikohia e mātou, he mea whai wāhi pai ki te whakapai ake i te taumata hoahoa o ngā hua takirere i tōku whenua. Nā tēnei rangahau ā-motu, kua kitea te pūtake o te whanaketanga o te umanga takirere o tōku whenua i ngā tau 10 kua pahure ake nei, ā, kua tangohia ngā mahi whai hua me ngā mahi whai hua hei whakakore i te hanga takirere pōrearea me te kore paerewa. Kua neke whakamua te hangarau hanga, ā, kua tīmata ki te uru ki tētahi wāhanga hou o te hoahoa-ā-tangata me te whakarite i te hanga papatipu.
03 Whakarāpopototanga
Mai i te tau 1949 ki te tau 1959, ko tōku whenuatakirerei tere te ora ake o te umanga i te raruraru o Haina tawhito, ā, ka tīmata; mai i te tiaki, te hanga tauira ki te hanga-akedKo te hoahoa me te hanga, mai i te hanga i ngā takirere pēhanga iti ki te hanga i ngā takirere pēhanga teitei me te pēhanga waenga, i te tīmatanga i hangaia ai te umanga hanga takirere. Heoi, nā te tere o te whanaketanga o te tere whakaputa, kei reira anō hoki ētahi raruraru. Mai i tōna whakaurunga ki roto i te mahere ā-motu, i raro i te whakahaere pokapū a te Manatū Mīhini Tuatahi, kua kitea te pūtake o te raruraru mā te rangahau me te rangahau, ā, kua tangohia ngā otinga me ngā mahi whai hua me te whai hua hei āhei i te hanga takirere kia mau tonu ki te tere o te hanganga ōhanga ā-motu, me te whanaketanga o te umanga takirere. Ā, ko te hanganga o ngā whakahaere ahumahi kua whakatakoto i tētahi turanga pai.
Wā tuku: Hurae-27-2022
