Nā te rautaki "waro takirua", he maha ngā ahumahi kua whakatakoto i tētahi ara mārama mō te tiaki pūngao me te whakaiti waro. Ko te whakatutukitanga o te kore waro e kore e taea te wehe i te whakamahinga o te hangarau CCUS. Ko te whakamahinga motuhake o te hangarau CCUS ko te hopu waro, te whakamahinga me te rokiroki waro, me ētahi atu. Ko tēnei raupapa o ngā tono hangarau e uru ana ki te taurite takirere. Mai i te tirohanga a ngā ahumahi me ngā tono e pā ana, ko te whanaketanga ā muri ake nei he mea tika kia arohia e tā tātoutakirereahumahi.
1. Te ariā CCUS me te mekameka ahumahi
Ariā A.CCUS
Tērā pea kāore i te mōhiotia, kāore rānei i te mōhiotia e te tini te CCUS. Nō reira, i mua i te mārama ki te pānga o te CCUS ki te umanga takirere, me ako ngātahi tātou mō te CCUS. Ko te CCUS he whakarāpopototanga mō te reo Pākehā (Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage)
Te mekameka ahumahi B.CCUS.
E rima ngā hononga matua o te mekameka ahumahi CCUS: te pūtake tukunga, te hopu, te kawe, te whakamahinga me te rokiroki, me ngā hua. Ko ngā hononga e toru o te hopu, te kawe, te whakamahinga me te rokiroki e pā tata ana ki te ahumahi takirere.
2. Te pānga o te CCUS kite takirereahumahi
Nā te kore waro e ārahihia ana, ka piki haere te whakatinanatanga o te hopu waro me te rokiroki waro i roto i ngā ahumahi matū hinu, hiko wera, maitai, sima, tā me ētahi atu ahumahi i raro i te ahumahi takirere, ā, ka whakaatu i ngā āhuatanga rerekē. Ka tukuna haeretia ngā painga o te ahumahi, ā, me aro nui tātou ki ngā whanaketanga e tika ana. Ka tino piki ake te hiahia mō ngā takirere i roto i ngā ahumahi e rima e whai ake nei.
A. Ko te hiahia o te umanga hinu matū te mea tuatahi e whakaatuhia ana
E kiia ana ko te hiahia mō te whakaiti i ngā tukunga matū hinu o tōku whenua i te tau 2030 e tata ana ki te 50 miriona tana, ā, ka heke haere ki te 0 i te tau 2040. Nā te mea ko ngā ahumahi matū hinu me te matū ngā wāhi matua o te whakamahinga o te hauhā, ā, he iti te hopu i te iti o te whakapaunga pūngao, ngā utu haumi me ngā utu whakahaere me te tiaki, ko te whakamahinga o te hangarau CUSS te tuatahi ki te whakatairanga i tēnei mara. I te tau 2021, ka tīmata a Sinopec i te hanganga o te kaupapa CCUS miriona-tana tuatahi o Haina, te kaupapa CCUS Mara Hinu Qilu Petrochemical-Shengli. I muri i te otinga o te kaupapa, ka noho ko ia te turanga whakaaturanga mekameka ahumahi katoa CCUS nui rawa atu i Haina. E whakaatu ana ngā raraunga i whakaratohia e Sinopec kua eke te nui o te hauhā i hopukina e Sinopec i te tau 2020 ki te 1.3 miriona tana, ā, 300,000 tana o ēnei ka whakamahia mō te waipuke mara hinu, ā, kua tutuki ngā hua pai ki te whakapai ake i te whakaora hinu mata me te whakaiti i ngā tukunga waro.
B. Ka piki ake te hiahia mō te umanga hiko wera
Mai i te āhua o nāianei, kāore i te tino nui te hiahia mō ngā takirere i roto i te umanga hiko, inā koa te umanga hiko wera, engari i raro i te pēhanga o te rautaki "waro rua", kei te piki haere te uaua o te mahi whakakore waro o ngā tipu hiko waro. E ai ki te matapae a ngā umanga e tika ana: e matapaetia ana ka piki ake te hiahia hiko o tōku whenua ki te 12-15 trillion kWh i te tau 2050, ā, me whakaiti te 430-1.64 piriona tāne o te hauhā waro mā te hangarau CCUS kia tutuki ai te kore tukunga kupenga i roto i te pūnaha hiko. Mena ka tāutahia he tipu hiko waro me te CCUS, ka taea e ia te hopu i te 90% o ngā tukunga waro, ka waiho hei hangarau whakaputa hiko iti-waro. Ko te tono CCUS te huarahi hangarau matua hei whakatutuki i te ngāwari o te pūnaha hiko. I tēnei wā, ka tino piki ake te hiahia mō ngā takirere i puta mai i te tāutanga o te CCUS, ā, ka whakaatu te hiahia mō ngā takirere i roto i te mākete hiko, inā koa te mākete hiko wera, i te tipu hou, he mea tika kia arohia e ngā umanga ahumahi takirere.
C. Ka piki ake te hiahia mō te umanga maitai me te whakarewa
E matapaetia ana ko te hiahia mō te whakaiti i ngā tukunga i te tau 2030 ka eke ki te 200 miriona tana ki te 050 miriona tana ia tau. He mea tika kia mōhiotia, hei tāpiri atu ki te whakamahinga me te rokiroki o te hauhā waro i roto i te umanga maitai, ka taea hoki te whakamahi tika i roto i te tukanga hanga maitai. Mā te whakamahi pai i ēnei hangarau ka taea te whakaiti i ngā tukunga mā te 5%-10%. Mai i tēnei tirohanga, ka rerekē te hiahia mō ngā takirere e tika ana i roto i te umanga maitai, ā, ka whakaatu te hiahia i tētahi ia tipu nui.
Ka tino piki ake te hiahia mō te umanga sima
E matapaetia ana ko te hiahia mō te whakaiti i ngā tukunga i te tau 2030 ka eke ki te 100 miriona tana ki te 152 miriona tana ia tau, ā, ko te hiahia mō te whakaiti i ngā tukunga i te tau 2060 ka eke ki te 190 miriona tana ki te 210 miriona tana ia tau. Ko te hauhā waro e puta mai ana i te pirau o te kōhatu kōhatu i roto i te umanga sima e 60% o ngā tukunga katoa, nō reira he huarahi tika te CCUS mō te tango waro i roto i te umanga sima.
E. Ka whakamahia whānuitia te tono mō te umanga pūngao hauwai
Ko te tango i te hauwai kikorangi mai i te methane i roto i te hau maori me whakamahi i te maha o ngā takirere, nā te mea ka riro te pūngao mai i te tukanga whakaputa CO2, me hopu me te rokiroki waro (CCS), ā, me whakamahi i te maha o ngā takirere mō te tuku me te rokiroki.
3. Ngā whakaaro mō te umanga takirere
He whānui te wāhi whanaketanga mō CCUS. Ahakoa he maha ngā uauatanga e pā mai ana, ā tōna wā, he whānui te wāhi whanaketanga mō CCUS, he mea kāore e taea te whakahē. Me mārama tonu te umanga takirere me te whakarite hinengaro mō tēnei. E taunakihia ana kia kaha te whakamahi a te umanga takirere i ngā mara e pā ana ki te umanga CCUS.
A. Whai wāhi kaha ki ngā kaupapa whakaaturanga CCUS. Mō te kaupapa CCUS e whakatinanahia ana i Haina, me whai wāhi kaha ngā umanga ahumahi takirere ki te whakatinanatanga o te kaupapa e pā ana ki te rangahau me te whakawhanaketanga hangarau me te hua, me te whakarapopoto i ngā wheako i roto i te tukanga whai wāhi ki te whakatinanatanga o te kaupapa, me te whakarite i ngā whakaritenga e ranea ana mō te whakaputanga papatipu nui me te taurite takirere i muri mai. Hangarau, taranata me ngā rahui hua.
B. Arotahi ki te whakatakotoranga o te umanga matua CCUS o nāianei. Arotahi ki te umanga hiko waro e whakamahia nuitia ana te hangarau hopu waro o Haina, me te umanga hinu e arotahi ana ki te rokiroki whenua hei whakatinana i ngā takirere kaupapa CCUS, me te whakatinana i ngā takirere ki ngā rohe kei reira ēnei umanga, pērā i te Ordos Basin me te Junggar-Tuha Basin, he wāhi whakaputa waro nui. Ko te Bohai Bay Basin me te Pearl River Mouth Basin, he wāhi whakaputa hinu me te hau nui, kua whakatū hononga mahi tahi tata ki ngā umanga e tika ana hei hopu i te whai wāhitanga.
C. Whakarato tautoko pūtea mō te rangahau me te whanaketanga hangarau me te hua o ngā takirere kaupapa CCUS. Hei ārahi i te ao takirere o ngā kaupapa CCUS ā muri ake nei, e taunakihia ana kia wehea e ngā kamupene ahumahi tētahi moni hei rangahau me te whanaketanga, me te tautoko hoki i ngā kaupapa CCUS e pā ana ki te rangahau me te whanaketanga hangarau, kia pai ai te whakatakotoranga o te ahumahi CCUS.
Hei whakarāpopototanga, mō te umanga CCUS, e taunakihia ana kiate takirerekia tino mārama te umanga ki ngā huringa ahumahi hou i raro i te rautaki "waro-rua" me ngā whai wāhitanga hou mō te whanaketanga e haere tahi ana me tēnei, kia mau tonu ki te tere o te wā, me te whakatutuki i ngā whanaketanga hou i roto i te umanga!
Wā tuku: Mei-26-2022
