Hei umanga whakahaere parahanga, ko te mahi nui rawa atu o tētahi whare maimoatanga para wai ko te whakarite kia tutuki ngā paerewa i ngā para. Heoi, nā te kaha haere o ngā paerewa tukunga me te kaha o ngā kaitirotiro tiaki taiao, kua nui ake te pēhanga mahi ki te whare maimoatanga para wai. Kei te tino uaua haere te tango i te wai.
E ai ki te kitenga a te kaituhi, ko te tino take o te uauatanga ki te whakatutuki i te paerewa tuku wai ko te mea e toru ngā porowhita kino i roto i ngā whare hanga parakaingaki o tōku whenua.
Ko te tuatahi ko te porowhita kino o te iti o te mahi paru (MLVSS/MLSS) me te nui o te kukū paru; ko te tuarua ko te porowhita kino o te nui ake o ngā matū tango whākawa e whakamahia ana, ka nui ake te putanga paru; ko te tuatoru ko te mahi roa o te whare maimoatanga paru. He nui rawa te mahi, kāore e taea te whakahou i ngā taputapu, ka pāngia e ngā mate puta noa i te tau, ka arahi ki te porowhita kino o te whakaiti i te kaha maimoatanga paru.
#1
Te porowhita kino o te iti o te mahi paru me te nui o te kukū paru
Kua whakahaerehia e Ahorangi Wang Hongchen he rangahau mō ngā whare hanga paru e 467. Me titiro tātou ki ngā raraunga o te mahi paru me te kukū paru: I roto i ēnei whare hanga paru e 467, 61% o ngā whare hanga paru he iti iho i te 0.5 te MLVSS/MLSS, tata ki te 30% o ngā whare hanga paru he iti iho i te 0.4 te MLVSS/MLSS.
Ko te kukū o te paru o te 2/3 o ngā whare maimoatanga paru e neke atu ana i te 4000 mg/L, ko te kukū o te paru o te 1/3 o ngā whare maimoatanga paru e neke atu ana i te 6000 mg/L, ā, ko te kukū o te paru o ngā whare maimoatanga paru e 20 e neke atu ana i te 10000 mg/L.
He aha ngā hua o ngā āhuatanga o runga ake nei (te iti o te mahi paru, te nui o te kukū paru)? Ahakoa kua kite tātou i te maha o ngā tuhinga hangarau e tātari ana i te pono, engari i roto i ngā kupu māmā, kotahi te hua, arā, ko te putanga wai e nui ake ana i te paerewa.
E rua ngā āhuatanga e whakamāramahia ai tēnei. I tētahi taha, i muri i te tiketike o te kukū o te paru, kia kore ai e pupū te paru, me whakanui ake te hau. Mā te whakanui ake i te nui o te hau ka piki ake te whakapaunga hiko, engari ka piki ake hoki te wāhanga koiora. Mā te whakanui ake i te hāora rewa ka tangohia te pūtake waro e hiahiatia ana mō te denitrification, ka pā tika tēnei ki te pānga tango denitrification me te phosphorus o te pūnaha koiora, ka hua ake he nui rawa te N me te P.
I tētahi atu ringa, ka piki ake te hononga o te paru-wai nā te nui o te kukū o te paru, ā, ka ngawari te ngaro o te paru me te wai para o te tāke whakapūpū tuarua, ka aukati i te wāhanga maimoatanga matatau, ka nui ake rānei te COD me te SS o te wai para i te paerewa.
I muri i te kōrero mō ngā pānga, me kōrero tātou he aha te take he iti te mahi paru me te nui o te kukū paru kei roto i te nuinga o ngā whare hanga paru.
Ina hoki, ko te take o te nui o te kukū o te paru ko te iti o te mahi paru. Nā te mea he iti te mahi paru, me whakanui ake te kukū o te paru kia pai ake ai te pānga o te maimoatanga. Ko te iti o te mahi paru nā te mea he nui te onepu paru kei roto i te wai e pupuhi ana, ka uru ki te wāhanga maimoatanga koiora ka kohia haere, ka pā ki te mahi a ngā moroiti.
He nui te paru me te onepu i roto i te wai e tomo mai ana. Ko tētahi he ngoikore rawa te pānga ārai o te arai, ā, ko tētahi atu, neke atu i te 90% o ngā whare maimoatanga paru i tōku whenua kāore anō kia hanga i ngā tāke parapara tuatahi.
Tērā pea ētahi e pātai, he aha e kore ai e hanga he tāke parapara tuatahi? Mō te whatunga paipa tēnei. He raruraru kei roto i tōku whenua pērā i te kore hononga, te hononga whakauru, me te kore hononga i roto i te whatunga paipa. Nō reira, ko te kounga wai whai mana o ngā whare waipara he toru ngā āhuatanga: he kukū totoka kore-waro teitei (ISS), he iti te COD, he iti te ōwehenga C/N.
He nui te kukū o ngā matū kore-waro i roto i te wai whakapūmau, arā, he nui te nui o te onepu. I te tīmatanga, i taea e te puna whakapūmau tuatahi te whakaiti i ētahi matū kore-waro, engari nā te mea he iti te COD o te wai whakapūmau, ko te nuinga o ngā whare parakaingaki kāore e hanga i tētahi puna whakapūmau tuatahi.
Hei whakamutunga, ko te iti o te ngohe paru he taonga tuku iho nā "ngā tipu taumaha me ngā kupenga māmā".
Kua kōrero mātou ko te nui o te kukū paru me te iti o te mahi ka hua ake he nui rawa te N me te P i roto i te para. I tēnei wā, ko ngā mehua urupare a te nuinga o ngā whare para ko te tāpiri i ngā pūtake waro me ngā matū whakapūkara kore-ora. Heoi, ko te tāpiri i te nui o ngā pūtake waro o waho ka hua ake he pikinga ake o te whakapaunga hiko, ko te tāpiri i te nui o te matū whakapūkara ka hua ake he nui o te paru matū, ka hua ake he pikinga ake o te kukū paru me te hekenga ake o te mahi paru, ka hanga he porowhita kino.
#2
He porowhita kino tēnei, ina nui ake te nui o ngā matū tango whākawa e whakamahia ana, ka nui ake hoki te hanga paru.
Nā te whakamahinga o ngā matū tango whākōkī kua piki ake te hanga paru mā te 20% ki te 30%, neke atu rānei.
Ko te raruraru o te paru he āwangawanga nui mō ngā whare maimoatanga paru mō ngā tau maha, nā te mea kāore he ara puta mō te paru, he koretake rānei te ara puta.
Ka roa ake te pakeketanga o te paru, ka hua ake te koroheketanga o te paru, tae atu ki ngā āhuatanga kino rawa atu pērā i te puranga o te paru.
Kāore i te pai te rere o te paru kua whakawhanuitia. I te ngaronga o te para mai i te tāke whakatōpuku tuarua, ka āraia te wāhanga maimoatanga matatau, ka whakaitihia te pānga maimoatanga, ā, ka piki ake te nui o te wai horoi whakamuri.
E rua ngā hua ka puta mai i te pikinga o te nui o te wai horoi-muri, ko te tuatahi ko te whakaiti i te pānga maimoatanga o te wāhanga matū koiora o mua.
Ka whakahokia he nui o te wai horoi ki muri ki te tāke whakapūngao, ka whakaiti i te wā pupuri waipēhi tuturu o te hanganga, ā, ka whakaiti i te pānga maimoatanga o te maimoatanga tuarua;
Ko te tuarua ko te whakaiti ake i te pānga tukatuka o te waeine tukatuka hōhonu.
Nā te mea me whakahoki he nui o te wai horoi ki muri ki te pūnaha tātari maimoatanga matatau, ka piki ake te tere tātari, ka whakaitihia hoki te kaha tātari tuturu.
Ka ngoikore te hua o te maimoatanga whānui, ā, ka nui ake pea te whākawa me te COD i roto i te para i te paerewa. Hei karo i te nui ake i te paerewa, ka whakanuia e te whare para te whakamahinga o ngā kaihoko tango whākawa, ka nui ake ai te nui o te paru.
ki roto i tētahi porowhita kino.
#3
Te porowhita kino o te taumaha rawa o ngā whare hanga parakaingaki mō te wā roa me te whakaiti i te kaha ki te tukatuka parakaingaki
Ko te maimoatanga o te paru ehara i te mea e whakawhirinaki ana ki te tangata anake, engari ki ngā taputapu anō hoki.
Kua roa ngā taputapu para e whawhai ana ki te rārangi mua o te maimoatanga wai. Ki te kore e whakatikatikahia i ia wā, ka puta ake ngā raruraru i te wā e tata mai ana. Heoi, i te nuinga o te wā, kāore e taea te whakatika i ngā taputapu para, nā te mea ina mutu tetahi taputapu, tera pea ka nui ake te wai e puta mai ana i te paerewa. I raro i te pūnaha whiu o ia rā, kāore e taea e te katoa te utu.
I roto i ngā whare rongoā parakaingaki o te tāone e 467 i rangahauhia e Ahorangi Wang Hongchen, tata ki te rua hautoru o ēnei he nui ake ngā kawenga waipēhi i te 80%, tata ki te kotahi hautoru he nui ake i te 120%, ā, e 5 ngā whare rongoā parakaingaki he nui ake i te 150%.
Ina neke atu i te 80% te tere o te kawenga waipēhi, haunga ētahi whare horoi para nui rawa, kāore e taea e ngā whare horoi para whānui te kati i te wai mō te tiaki i runga i te whakaaro kua eke te para ki te paerewa, ā, kāore he wai tāpiri mō ngā pūwero me ngā momi me ngā waru i te tāke whakatōtō tuarua. Ka taea anake te whakahou katoa, te whakakapi rānei i ngā taputapu o raro ina ringihia.
Arā, tata ki te 2/3 o ngā whare paru kāore e taea te whakatika i ngā taputapu i runga i te whakaaro kia tutuki te paerewa i te para.
E ai ki ngā rangahau a Ahorangi Wang Hongchen, ko te roanga o te ora o ngā pūwero hau he 4-6 tau te roa, engari ko te 1/4 o ngā tipu parakaingaki kāore i mahi i te tiaki hau mō ngā pūwero hau mō te 6 tau te roa. Ko te mīhini waru paru, me whakawātea, me whakatika, kāore i te whakatikahia i te tau katoa.
Kua roa te mahi a ngā taputapu me te mate, ā, kei te kino haere te kaha o te maimoatanga wai. Hei tū atu i te pēhanga o te putanga wai, kāore he huarahi hei aukati i a ia mō te tiaki. I roto i tēnei porowhita kino, ka noho tonu he pūnaha maimoatanga paru ka hinga.
#4
tuhituhi i te mutunga
I muri i te whakatūnga o te tiaki taiao hei kaupapa here matua mō te motu, ka tere te whanaketanga o ngā mara o te whakahaere wai, hau, totoka, oneone me ētahi atu parahanga, ā, ko te mara o te maimoatanga paru te mea nui rawa atu. Nā te korenga o te taumata, kua taka te whakahaere o te tipu paru ki roto i tētahi raruraru, ā, ko te raruraru o te whatunga paipa me te paru kua noho hei ngoikoretanga nui e rua o te umanga maimoatanga paru o tōku whenua.
Ā, kua tae ki te wā ki te whakatika i ngā ngoikoretanga.
Te wā tuku: 23-Pepuere-2022
