He aha te takirere pūrerehua?

Tetakirere pūrerehuai hangaia i te Hononga o Amerika i ngā tau 1930. I whakaurua ki Hapani i ngā tau 1950, ā, kāore i whakamahia whānuitia i Hapani tae noa ki ngā tau 1960. Kāore i rongonui i tōku whenua tae noa ki ngā tau 1970. Ko ngā āhuatanga matua o ngā takirere pūrerehua ko: te iti o te taipana whakahaere, te iti o te wāhi tāutanga me te mama. Hei tauira, ko te DN1000takirere pūrerehuae tata ana ki te 2T, ko tetakirere kuahatata ki te 3.5T. Ko tetakirere pūrerehuaHe ngāwari te whakakotahi me ngā momo taputapu taraiwa, ā, he roa te mau me te pono. Ko te ngoikoretanga o ngā takirere pūrerehua hiri-rapa ko te whakamahinga hē o te takirere mō te whakakaha, ka puta te cavitation nā te whakamahinga hē, ka pakaru te nohoanga rapa. Nō reira, ko te whiriwhiri tika i runga i ngā āhuatanga mahi. Ko te whanaungatanga i waenga i te whakatuwheratanga o te takirere pūrerehua me te tere rere he mea rārangi noa iho. Mena ka whakamahia hei whakahaere i te tere rere, he hononga tata hoki ōna āhuatanga rere ki te ātete rere o ngā paipa. Hei tauira, mena he rite te rahi me te āhua o ngā paipa e rua, engari he rerekē te tauwehenga ngaronga o te paipa, ka tino rerekē hoki te tere rere o te takirere. Mena kei roto te takirere i te āhua o te kaha whakakaha nui, ka puta te cavitation i te tuara o te pereti takirere, ka kino pea te takirere. Ko te tikanga ka whakamahia i waho o te 15°. Ina tetakirere pūrerehuaKei waenganui o te pūaha, ko te āhua o te pūaha i hangaia e te tinana takirere me te pito o mua o te pereti pūrerehua kei waenganui i te pou takirere, ā, he rerekē ngā āhua o ngā taha e rua. Ko te pito o mua o te pereti pūrerehua i tetahi taha ka neke i te ahunga o te rere o te wai, ā, ko tetahi taha ka neke i te ahunga o te rere o te wai. Nō reira, ko te tinana takirere me te pereti takirere i tetahi taha ka hanga i tētahi pūaha āhua-pūwero, ā, ko tetahi taha he rite ki tētahi pūaha āhua-kōhao. He tere ake te rere o te taha o te pūwero i te taha o te takirere, ā, ka puta he pēhanga kino i raro i te takirere i te taha takirere, ā, ka taka te hiri rapa i te nuinga o te wā. Ko te taipana whakahaere o tetakirere pūrerehuaKa rerekē nā runga i ngā whakatuwheratanga rerekē me ngā ahunga whakatuwheratanga me te katinga o te takirere. Kāore e taea te wareware i te taipana i hangaia e te rerekētanga i waenga i ngā pane wai o runga me raro o te takirere pūrerehua whakapae, inā koa te takirere whānui, nā te hohonutanga o te wai. Hei tāpiri, ina tāutahia te tuke ki te taha tomo o te takirere, ka puta he rere whakarara, ā, ka piki ake te taipana. Ina kei te whakatuwheratanga waenga te takirere, me raka-ake te pūnaha mahi nā te mahi a te taipana rere wai.

He maha ngā mekameka ahumahi takirere o Haina, engari ehara i te mea he mana takirere. I te nuinga o te wā, kua uru atu tōku whenua ki ngā rarangi o ngā mana takirere o te ao, engari mō te kounga o te hua, kei tawhiti tonu tōku whenua i te mana takirere. He iti tonu te kukū whakaputa o te ahumahi, he iti ngā āheinga R&D o ngā takirere e rite ana ki ngā hua teitei, me te iti o te taumata hangarau hanga i roto i te ahumahi takirere, ā, kei te piki haere tonu te koretake o te hokohoko kawemai me te kaweake. Kāore i te tino maha ngā kamupene takirere ka taea te ora i te mākete. Heoi, ka kawea mai e tēnei ohorere tere-tere i roto i te ahumahi takirere he whai wāhitanga nui, ā, ko te hua o te ohorere ka pai ake te whakahaere o te mākete. He tino "pūkenga" te huarahi ki te kimi i ngā takirere teitei. Kua noho ngā wāhanga taketake hei ngoikoretanga e aukati ana i te whanaketanga o te ahumahi hanga o tōku whenua ki ngā mea teitei. I roto i te Mahere Rima-Tau 12, ka haere tonu te kāwanatanga ki te whakanui ake i te kimi i ngā wāhanga taputapu teitei. I konei ka tīpakohia e mātou ētahi whanaketanga matua i roto i te "Mahere Whakatinanatanga" me ngā ahumahi takirere māngai mō te tātaritanga whaihua o te whakakapinga kawemai. Mai i te tātari, ka kitea he rerekē rawa te whaihua o te whakakapinga kawemai o ngā takirere i roto i ngā momo ahumahi iti, ā, me nui ake te aratohu kaupapa here me te tautoko rangahau pūtaiao mō ngā takirere utu nui.

He tino hira te mahi a te umanga takirere hei hononga nui ki te umanga hanga taputapu i roto i te whanaketanga o te ōhanga ā-motu. Nā te mea kei tawhiti tonu te taumata o te umanga hanga takirere ā-motu o tōku whenua i te taumata matatau o te ao, he maha ngā mea matuangā takirereme ngā tawhā teitei, te pāmahana teitei me te pēhanga teitei, me te taumata pauna teitei kua whakawhirinaki tonu ki ngā kawemai. Hei tauira, ko te waitohu OMAL Pākehā te whiringa matua o te umanga tono takirere ā-rohe. Hei whakatairanga i te rohe o ngā takirere, whai muri i te whakaputanga a te Kaunihera ā-Rohe i te "He maha ngā Whakaaro mō te Whakateretere i te Whakaora i te Ahumahi Hanga Taputapu", kua mahia e ngā tari kāwanatanga e tika ana he raupapa o ngā whakatinanatanga nui i runga anō i ngā whakaritenga a te kāwanatanga mō te rohe o ngā taputapu nui. I arahina e te Komihana Whakawhanake me te Whakahoutanga ā-Motu, kua whakatinanahia e te China Machinery Industry Federation me te China General Machinery Industry Association hetakirereHe mahere whakawātea mō ngā taputapu nui i roto i ngā mara e pā ana, ā, kua maha ngā wā kua mahi tahi me ngā tari e pā ana. Ināianei kua whakaaetia te whakawātea o ngā takirere i roto i te umanga takirere ā-rohe. Ko te whakamahi kaha i ngā paerewa o te ao mō te hoahoa hua; te tango i ngā hanganga hoahoa pai rawa atu o tāwāhi (tae atu ki ngā hangarau patent); ka tino whakahaerehia te whakamātautau hua me te tirotiro mahi i runga anō i ngā paerewa o te ao; te tango i te wheako tukanga whakaputa o tāwāhi me te whakanui i te rangahau me te whakatairanga i ngā rauemi hou; te whakamārama i ngā tawhā hangarau me ngā tikanga mahi o ngā hua takirere kawemai-tawhā teitei, me ētahi atu. he huarahi hei tere ake i te tukanga whakawātea, te whakatairanga i te whakahou tonu o ngā hua takirere, me te tino whakatinana i te whakawātea o ngā takirere. Me te tere o te hanganga anō i roto i te umanga takirere, ka whakataetae te umanga ā muri ake nei i waenga i te kounga me te haumaru o ngā hua takirere me ngā waitohu hua. Ka whanake ngā hua i te huarahi o te hangarau teitei, ngā tawhā teitei, te ātete kaha ki te waikura, me te roa o te ora. Mā te auahatanga hangarau tonu, te whakawhanaketanga o ngā hua hou, me te panoni hangarau ka taea te whakapai ake i te taumata hangarau hua kia tutuki ai te taurite taputapu ā-rohe me te tino whakatinana i te whakawātea o ngā takirere. I raro i te taiao tono nui, ka tino whakaatu te umanga hanga takirere o tōku whenua i ngā tumanakohanga whanaketanga pai ake.