A kōrere aukatiKo te takirere [1] he takirere tika e tere ana te whakatuwhera me te kati, ā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana hoki mō ngā pāpāho me ngā matūriki iri nā te pānga murunga o te nekehanga i waenga i ngā mata hiri tīwiri me te tiaki katoa mai i te pa atu ki te reo e rere ana ina tuwhera katoa. Ko tētahi atu āhuatanga nui ko te ngāwari ki te urutau ki ngā hanganga maha-awa, kia taea ai e te takirere kotahi te whiwhi i ngā awa rere rerekē e rua, e toru, e whā rānei. Mā tēnei ka māmā ake te hoahoa o te pūnaha paipa, ka whakaiti i te nui o ngā takirere e whakamahia ana, ā, ka whakaiti i ētahi o ngā hononga e hiahiatia ana i roto i ngā taputapu.
Te mahi a ngā takirere mekōrere aukatingā tinana me ngā kōhao-roto hei wāhanga whakatuwhera me te kati. Ka huri te tinana mono me te kakau [2] hei whakatutuki i te mahi whakatuwhera me te kati. Ko te takirere mono iti, kāore i te wetewetehia, e mōhiotia ana ko te "kōkiri". Ko te tinana mono o te takirere mono he kōne te nuinga (he tinana porotaka anō hoki), e ōrite ana ki te mata kōhao kōne o te tinana takirere hei hanga i tētahi takirua hiri. Ko te takirere mono te momo takirere tuatahi e whakamahia ana, he hanganga māmā, he whakatuwheratanga me te kati tere, ā, he iti te ātete wai. Ko ngā takirere mono noa e whakawhirinaki ana ki te pa tika i waenga i te tinana mono whakarewa kua oti me te tinana takirere hei hiri, nō reira he ngoikore te hiri, he nui te kaha whakatuwhera me te kati, he ngāwari ki te mau, ā, i te nuinga o te wā ka taea anake te whakamahi i roto i ngā wā pēhanga iti (kaua e neke ake i te 1 megapascal) me te diameter iti (iti iho i te 100 mm).
Cwhakakorikori
E ai ki te āhua hanganga, ka taea te wehewehe ki ngā momo e whā: te takirere mono piri, te takirere mono hiri-ā-unoa, te takirere mono me te takirere mono werohanga-hinu. E ai ki te āhua awa, ka taea te wehewehe ki ngā momo e toru: te takirere mono tika-mā roto, te takirere aukati-toru-ara me te takirere mono wha-ara. Kei reira anō hoki ngā takirere mono ngongo.
Ka whakarōpūtia ngā takirere mono kia rite ki te whakamahinga, tae atu ki: ngā takirere mono hiri ngohengohe, ngā takirere mono hiri mārō kua pania ki te hinu, ngā takirere mono poppet, ngā takirere mono ara-toru me te ara-whā.
Ngā Painga
1. Ka whakamahia te takirere mono mō te mahi auau, ā, he tere, he māmā hoki te whakatuwheratanga me te kati.
2. He iti te ātete wai o te takirere mono.
3. He māmā te hanganga o te takirere mono, he iti te rahi, he māmā te taumaha, ā, he ngāwari te tiaki.
4. He pai te mahi hiri.
5. Kāore e herea ana e te ahunga tāutanga, ā, ka taea te whakarerekē i te ahunga rere o te reo.
6. Kāore he wiri, he iti te haruru.
Ngā takirere kuaha hiri-ngohengohe
Ko ngā wāhanga whakatuwhera me te kati o te takirere kuaha hiri ngohengohe, te takirere ahumahi, me te takirere kuaha hiri ngohengohe he hipi toa, ko te ahunga nekehanga o te hipi toa he poutū ki te ahunga o te wai, ko te takirere kuaha ka taea anake te whakatuwhera me te kati katoa, kāore e taea te whakarite me te whakawhāiti. E rua ngā mata hiri o te hipi toa, ko te takirere kuaha aratau e whakamahia whānuitia ana he rua ngā mata hiri e hanga ana i te poro, ko te koki poro ka rerekē me ngā tawhā takirere, ko te diameter ingoa ko DN50 ~ DN1200, ko te pāmahana whakahaere: ≤200°C.
Te kaupapa hua
Te pereti kuaha o te porotakirere ketiKa taea te hanga hei mea katoa, e kiia nei ko te kuaha pakari; Ka taea hoki te hanga hei hipi toa ka taea te whakaputa i te iti o te whakarerekētanga hei whakapai ake i tōna kaha hanga me te whakakapi i te rerekētanga o te koki mata hiri i roto i te tukanga tukatuka, e kiia nei ko te hipi toa pīwariwari.
Hiri ngohengohengā takirere kuahae wehea ana kia rua ngā momo: he tokotoko tuwheratakirere keti hiri ngohengoheme te hiri ngohengohe o te tokotoko pouritakirere kuaha. He miro trapezoidal kei runga i te tokotoko hiki, e huri ana i te nekehanga hurihuri ki te nekehanga rārangi mā roto i te nati i waenganui o te hipi me te awaawa ārahi i runga i te tinana takirere, arā, ko te taipana whakahaere ki te pana whakahaere. Ina whakatuwheratia te takirere, ina rite te teitei o te hiki hipi ki te 1:1 ngā wā o te diameter o te takirere, ka kore rawa e araia te rere o te wai, engari kāore e taea te aroturuki i tēnei tūranga i te wā e whakahaerehia ana. I te whakamahinga tūturu, ka tohua e te tihi o te kakau, arā, te tūranga kāore e taea te whakatuwhera, hei tūranga tuwhera katoa. Hei whakaaro mō te raka nā ngā huringa pāmahana, ka whakatuwheratia ki te tūranga tihi, kātahi ka whakahokia ki muri 1/2-1 hurihanga hei tūranga o te takirere tuwhera katoa. Nō reira, ko te tūranga tuwhera katoa o te takirere ka whakatauhia e te tūranga o te hipi (arā, te whiu). Ko tēnei momo takirere me tāuta whakapae ki roto i te paipa.
Ngā Whakaritenga Whānui
1. Ngā whakatakotoranga me ngā kāwai ongā takirere keti hiri ngohengoheme tutuki ngā whakaritenga o ngā tuhinga hoahoa paipa.
2. Me whakaatu te tauira o te takirere kuaha hiri ngohengohe i ngā whakaritenga tau paerewa ā-motu e ai ki taua mea. Mena he paerewa hinonga, me whakaatu te whakaahuatanga e tika ana mō te tauira.
3. Te pēhanga mahi o tetakirere keti hiri ngohengohee hiahiatia ana te pēhanga mahi o te paipa ≥, me te kore e pā ki te utu, ko te pēhanga mahi ka taea e te takirere te mau me nui ake i te pēhanga mahi tuturu o te paipa, me tetahi taha o te takirere kuaha hiri ngohengohe me kaha ki te tu atu i te 1.1 ngā wā o te uara pēhanga mahi o te takirere me te kore e turuturu;
4. Ko te paerewa hanga otakirere keti hiri ngohengoheme tohu te tau paerewa ā-motu i runga i taua tau, ā, mēnā he paerewa hinonga, me tāpiri te tuhinga hinonga ki te kirimana hoko.
Tuarua, ko te rauemi takirere kuaha hiri ngohengohe
1. Me hanga te rino maka, te maitai maka, te maitai kore waikura, te 316L hei rauemi mō te tinana takirere, ā, me whakaatu hoki te kounga me ngā raraunga whakamātautau ā-tinana me te matū o te rino maka.
2. Me whai te kakau i te kakau kowiri tira (2CR13), ā, me hanga hoki te takirere whānui i te kakau kowiri tira.
3. He mea hanga te nati ki te parahi konumohe whakarewa, ki te parahi konumohe whakarewa rānei, ā, he nui ake te pakeke me te kaha i te kakau takirere.
4. Kaua te pakeke me te kaha o te rauemi pūmau kakau e nui ake i te kakau takirere, ā, kaua hoki e puta he waikura hikohiko me te kakau takirere me te tinana takirere i raro i te wai.
5. Te rauemi o te mata hiri
(1) Ngā momo hiri ngohengohetakirere kuahahe rerekē ngā momo, ā, he rerekē ngā tikanga hiri me ngā whakaritenga rauemi;
(2) Mō ngā takirere kuaha poro noa, me whakamārama te rauemi, te tikanga whakapiri me te tikanga huri o te mowhiti parahi;
(3) Ngā raraunga whakamātautau ā-tinana, ā-matū hoki o te rauemi arai pereti takirere me te takirere hiri ngohengohe;
6. Te tākai o te toki takirere
(1) Nā te mea ko te hiri ngohengohetakirere kuahai roto i te whatunga paipa he maha ngā wā ka tuwhera, ka kati hoki, me noho puku te takai mō ngā tau maha, ā, kāore e pakeke te takai, ā, ka roa te wā e mau tonu ai te pānga hiri;
(2) Me pumau hoki te takai takirere ina whakatuwheratia, ina katihia hoki i ngā wā katoa;
(3) I runga i ngā whakaritenga o runga ake nei, e whai ana kia kaua e whakakapia te takai o te pou takirere mō te roanga o te ora, mō ngā tau tekau rānei;
(4) Mena me whakakapi te takai, me whai whakaaro te hoahoa o te takirere hau ki ngā mehua ka taea te whakakapi i raro i te pēhanga wai.
Tuatoru, te tikanga whakahaere o te hiri ngohengohetakirere kuaha
3.1 Me kati te ahunga whakatuwheratanga me te katinga o te takirere kuaha hiri ngohengohe i te wā e mahi ana.
3.2 Nā te mea he maha ngā wā ka whakatuwheratia, ka kati ā-ringa te takirere hau i roto i te whatunga paipa, kaua e nui rawa te maha o ngā hurihanga whakatuwhera me te kati, arā, me noho hoki te takirere whānui ki roto i te 200-600 hurihanga.
3.3 Hei whakahaere i te mahi whakatuwhera me te kati a te tangata kotahi, me 240N-m te taipana whakatuwhera me te kati mōrahi i raro i te āhua o te pēhanga o te paipa.
3.4 Me tapawhā te pito whakatuwheratanga me te kati o te takirere kuaha hiri ngohengohe, me whakarite te rahi, me anga ki te whenua, kia taea ai e te tangata te mahi tika mai i te whenua. Kāore e pai ana ngā takirere me ngā kōpae kōpae mō te whakamahi i roto i ngā whatunga raro whenua.
3.5 te papa whakaatu o te tohu whakatuwheratanga me te kati o te hiri ngohengohetakirere kuaha
(1) I muri i te huri i te ahunga, me maka te tohu tauine o te whakatuwheratanga me te katinga o te takirere kuaha hiri ngohengohe ki runga i te taupoki pouaka miihini, ki te anga rānei o te kōpae whakaatu, me anga katoa ki te whenua, me paraihe te tohu tauine ki te phosphorus hei whakaatu i te aro.
(2) Ka taea te hanga i te rauemi o te ngira kōpae tohu ki te pereti kowiri tira i raro i te tikanga whakahaere pai, ki te kore he pereti rino peita, kaua hoki e hanga ki te kiri konumohe;
(3) He ātaahua te titiro o te ngira kōpae tohu, he pūmau te whakapiri, kia tika te whakatikatika whakatuwheratanga me te kati, me raka ki ngā rivet.
3.6 Mena kua tanumia hohonu te takirere kuaha hiri ngohengohe, ā, ko te tawhiti i waenga i te tikanga whakahaere me te papa whakaatu me te whenua he ≥1.5m, me whakauru he whare tokotoko toronga, ā, me whakau kia mau kia taea ai e te tangata te mātakitaki me te mahi mai i te whenua. Arā, ko te mahi whakatuwhera me te kati o te takirere i roto i te whatunga paipa kāore e pai mō te mahi i raro i te whenua.
Tuawhā, te whakamātautau mahi o te hiri ngohengohetakirere kuaha
4.1 Ina hangaia te takirere i roto i ngā puranga o tētahi whakaritenga, me tuku he mana whakahaere ki te whakamātautau i te mahi e whai ake nei:
(1) Te taipana whakatuwheratanga me te katinga o te takirere i raro i te āhua o te pēhanga mahi;
(2) I raro i te āhua o te pēhanga mahi, ka taea e ia te whakarite i ngā wā whakatuwheratanga me ngā wā kati tonu o tetakirerekia piri te kati;
(3) Te kimi i te tauwehenga ātete rere o te takirere i raro i te āhua o te kawe wai i roto i ngā paipa.
4.2 Tetakirereme whakamātautau penei i mua i te wehenga atu i te wheketere:
(1) Ina whakatuwheratia te takirere, me tu te tinana takirere i te whakamātautau pēhanga ā-roto kia rua te nui o te pēhanga mahi o te takirere;
(2) Ina kati te takirere, ka 1.1 ngā wā o te pēhanga mahi o te takirere e rua, ā, kāore he turuturu, engari kāore te uara turuturu o te takirere pūrerehua hiri-whakarewa e nui ake i ngā whakaritenga e tika ana.
Tuarima, ko te ārai-waikura ā-roto, ā-waho hoki o te takirere kuaha hiri ngohengohe
5.1 I roto, i waho hoki o te tinana takirere (tae atu ki te pouaka tuku tere rerekē), tuatahi, me mahi te pupuhi pupuhi, te tango onepu me te tango waikura, ā, me rehu hiko te paura kapia epoxy kore-paitini, me te matotoru neke atu i te 0.3mm. Mēnā he uaua ki te rehu hiko te kapia epoxy kore-paitini ki runga i ngā takirere tino nui, me paraihe me te rehu anō hoki te peita epoxy kore-paitini.
5.2 Me tino ātete te roto o te tinana takirere me ngā wāhanga katoa o te pereti takirere ki te waikura, i tētahi taha, e kore e waikura ina rumakina ki te wai, ā, e kore hoki e puta he waikura hikohiko i waenga i ngā konganuku e rua; Tuarua, he maeneene te mata, kia iti ai te ātete ki te wai.
5.3 Me whai pūrongo whakamātautau mai i te mana whakahaere e pā ana ki ngā whakaritenga akuaku o te kapia epoxy, te peita rānei hei ārai i te waikura i roto i te tinana takirere. Me tutuki hoki ngā āhuatanga matū me ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana i ngā whakaritenga e tika ana.
Wā tuku: Whiringa-ā-rangi-09-2024
