Ko te tikanga o te whakaaro o te tangata hete takirerehe mea hanga ki te kowiri tira, ā, e kore e waikura. Ki te waikura, tera pea he raruraru kei te maitai. He whakaaro hē tēnei mō te kore mārama ki te kowiri tira, ka taea hoki te waikura i raro i ētahi āhuatanga.
Ka taea e te maitai kore waikura te ātete ki te waikura o te hau—arā, he ātete ki te waikura, ā, he kaha hoki ki te waikura i roto i ngā mea kei roto ngā waikawa, ngā kawakore, me ngā tote—arā, te ātete ki te waikura. Heoi, ka rerekē te rahi o tōna kaha ārai-waikura i runga i te hanganga matū o tōna maitai tonu, te āhua tiaki, ngā tikanga whakamahi me te momo pāpāho taiao.
Ko te maitai kore waikura te tikanga ka wehea kia:
I te nuinga o te wā, e ai ki te hanganga whakarewa, ka wehea te maitai kore waikura noa ki ngā wāhanga e toru: te maitai kore waikura austenitic, te maitai kore waikura ferritic, me te maitai kore waikura martensitic. I runga i ēnei hanganga whakarewa taketake e toru, mō ngā hiahia me ngā kaupapa motuhake, ka ahu mai ngā maitai takirua-wāhanga, ngā maitai kore waikura whakapakeke-waikura me ngā maitai koranu-teitei he iti iho i te 50% te ihirangi rino.
1. Kowiri tira Austenitic.
Ko te hanganga austenite (wāhanga CY) o te hanganga karaihe poraka mata-pokapū te mea matua o te anga, kāore he aukume, ā, ko te mahi matao (ā, ka hua ake pea ētahi āhuatanga aukume) te maitai kore waikura te mea nui. Ko te American Iron and Steel Institute e tohua ana e ngā tau i roto i te raupapa 200 me te 300, pērā i te 304.
2. Kowiri tira ferritic.
Ko te matihiko ko te hanganga ferrite ((he wāhanga) o te hanganga karaihe poraka pokapū-tinana te mea e tino kaha ana, he aukume, ā, kāore e taea te whakapakeke mā te whakamahana, engari ka taea te whakapakari ake mā te mahi matao. Ko te American Iron and Steel Institute e tohua ana ki te 430 me te 446.
3. Kowiri tira Martensitic.
He hanganga martensitic te matihiko (he pūtoru, he pūtoru rānei kei waenganui i te tinana), he aukume, ā, ka taea te whakarerekē i ōna āhuatanga hangarau mā te whakamahana. Ko te American Iron and Steel Institute e tohua ana e ngā tau 410, 420 me te 440. He hanganga austenite tō te Martensite i te pāmahana teitei, ā, ina whakamataohia ki te pāmahana rūma i te tere e tika ana, ka taea te huri i te hanganga austenite hei martensite (arā, he whakapakeke).
4. Kowiri tira Austenitic-ferritic (duplex).
He hanganga austenite me te ferrite rua-wāhanga te hanganga o te matihiko, ā, ko te nui o te ihirangi o te matihiko iti-wāhanga he nui ake i te 15%. He aukume, ā, ka taea te whakapakari mā te mahi matao. Ko te 329 he maitai kowiri tira takirua noa. Ki te whakatauritea ki te maitai kowiri tira austenitic, he kaha teitei te maitai rua-wāhanga, ā, he pai ake te ātete ki te waikura intergranular me te waikura ahotea chloride me te waikura pitting.
5. Te whakapakeketanga o te rino kore waikura.
He hanganga austenite, he martensitic rānei te hanganga o te matihiko, ā, ka taea te whakapakeke mā te whakapakeketanga o te waikura. Kua tohua te American Iron and Steel Institute ki te tau raupapa 600, pērā i te 630, arā, 17-4PH.
I te nuinga o te wā, hei tāpiri atu ki ngā koranu, he tino pai te ātete o te maitai kore waikura austenitic. I roto i te taiao iti ake te waikura, ka taea te whakamahi i te maitai kore waikura ferritic. I roto i te taiao ngawari te waikura, mena e hiahiatia ana kia teitei te kaha, kia teitei rānei te pakeke o te rauemi, ka taea te whakamahi i te maitai kore waikura martensitic me te maitai kore waikura whakapakeke.
Ngā momo me ngā āhuatanga o te kowiri tira noa
01 304 Kowiri tira
Ko tētahi o ngā maitai kore waikura austenitic e whakamahia whānuitia ana, ā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana. He pai mō te hanga i ngā wāhanga hohonu me ngā paipa waikawa, ngā ipu, ngā wāhanga hanganga, ngā momo tinana taputapu, me ētahi atu. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi hei hanga taputapu me ngā wāhanga kore-aukume, pāmahana-iti.
02 304L Kowiri tira
Hei whakaoti rapanga o te maitai kore waikura austenitic waro-iti rawa i puta mai i te maturuturunga iho o te Cr23C6 e hua ai te waikura nui o te maitai kore waikura 304 i raro i ētahi āhuatanga, he pai ake tōna ātete waikura intergranular i tērā o te maitai kore waikura 304. Haunga te kaha iti ake, he rite tonu ētahi atu āhuatanga ki te maitai kore waikura 321. Ko te nuinga o te wā ka whakamahia mō ngā taputapu me ngā wāhanga ātete waikura kāore e taea te tukatuka i muri i te whakarewa, ā, ka taea te whakamahi hei hanga i ngā momo tinana taputapu.
03 304H Kowiri tira
Ko te peka o roto o te maitai kore waikura 304 he 0.04%-0.10% te nui o te waro, ā, he pai ake te mahi pāmahana teitei i te maitai kore waikura 304.
04 316 Kowiri tira
Mā te tāpiri i te molybdenum i runga i te maitai 10Cr18Ni12 ka pai te ātete o te maitai ki te whakaiti i te waikura o te reo me te waikura o te poka. I roto i te wai moana me ētahi atu momo rauemi, he pai ake te ātete o te waikura i te maitai kore waikura 304, e whakamahia ana mō ngā rauemi ātete-poka.
05 316L Kowiri tira
He pai te ātete o te maitai waro tino iti ki te waikura waenga-porotaka kua tairongohia, ā, he pai mō te hanga i ngā wāhanga me ngā taputapu kua whakarewaina he matotoru ngā waahanga, pērā i ngā rauemi ātete-waikura i roto i ngā taputapu hinu-matū.
06 316H Kowiri tira
Ko te peka o roto o te maitai kore waikura 316 he 0.04%-0.10% te wāhanga papatipu waro, ā, he pai ake tōna mahi pāmahana teitei i tērā o te maitai kore waikura 316.
07 317 Kowiri tira
He pai ake te ātete ki te waikura poka me te ātete ngokingoki i te maitai kore waikura 316L, e whakamahia ana i roto i te hanga taputapu ātete ki te waikura matū me te waikawa waro.
08 321 Kowiri tira
Ka taea te whakakapi i te maitai kore waikura austenitic kua whakapūmautia ki te titanium hei whakapai ake i te ātete ki te waikura intergranular, ā, he pai hoki ōna āhuatanga miihini pāmahana teitei, ki te maitai kore waikura austenitic waro-iti rawa. Haunga ngā wā motuhake pēnei i te ātete ki te waikura pāmahana teitei, te ātete rānei ki te hauwai, kāore i te tūtohutia kia whakamahia.
09 347 Kowiri tira
Mā te niobium-austenitic stainless steel, ka tāpirihia te niobium hei whakapai ake i te ātete ki te waikura intergranular, ko te ātete ki te waikura i roto i te waikawa, te alkali, te tote me ētahi atu pāpāho waikura he rite ki te 321 stainless steel, he pai te mahi whakarewa, ka taea te whakamahi hei rauemi ātete-waikura me te ārai-waikura. Ko te maitai wera te nuinga o te wā e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā mara mana wera me te matū hinu, pērā i te hanga ipu, paipa, whakawhiti wera, toki, ngongo oumu i roto i ngā oumu ahumahi, me ngā inemahana ngongo oumu.
10 904L Kowiri tira
Ko te maitai kore waikura austenitic tino oti he momo maitai kore waikura austenitic tino oti i hangaia e OUTOKUMPU i Pinirana. , He pai tōna ātete ki te waikura i roto i ngā waikawa kore-waikura pērā i te waikawa whanariki, te waikawa acetic, te waikawa formic me te waikawa phosphoric, ā, he pai hoki tōna ātete ki te waikura kapiti me te ātete ki te waikura ahotea. He pai mō ngā momo kukū waikawa whanariki i raro i te 70°C, ā, he pai te ātete ki te waikura i roto i te waikawa acetic me te waikawa whakauru o te waikawa formic me te waikawa acetic i raro i te pēhanga noa i tetahi kukū me te pāmahana.
11 440C maitai kore waikura
Ko te maitai kore waikura martensitic te mea tino pakeke i roto i ngā maitai kore waikura ka taea te whakapakeke me ngā maitai kore waikura, ko tōna pakeke he HRC57. E whakamahia ana mō te hanga i ngā pūwero, ngā whāriki,pūrerehuatakirere ngā matua,pūrerehuatakirere ngā nohoanga, ngā ringaringa,takirere ngā kakau, me ētahi atu
12 17-4PH maitai kore waikura
He kaha, he pakari, he ātete hoki ki te waikura te maitai kore waikura whakapakeke Martensitic me te pakeke o HRC44, ā, kāore e taea te whakamahi i ngā pāmahana neke atu i te 300°C. He pai tōna ātete ki te waikura ki te āhuarangi, me te waikawa, te tote rānei kua whakaranua. He rite tonu tōna ātete ki te waikura ki te maitai kore waikura 304 me te maitai kore waikura 430. E whakamahia ana hei hanga papaaho moana, mata tāpoi,pūrerehuatakirere (ngā matua takirere, ngā nohoanga takirere, ngā ringaringa, ngā kakau takirere) wait
In takirere I roto i te hoahoa me te kōwhiringa, he maha ngā pūnaha, ngā raupapa, me ngā momo o te maitai kore waikura e tūtakihia ana. I te wā e tīpako ana, me whai whakaaro ki te raruraru mai i ngā tirohanga maha pērā i te reo tukatuka motuhake, te pāmahana, te pēhanga, ngā wāhanga taumaha, te waikura, me te utu.
Te wā tuku: Hōngongoi-20-2022
